Pair of Words | 300 + Pair of Words

Pairs of Words


S. No.	WORD	MEANING	SENTENCE
1	Accede	Argue/Succeed	I accede to your proposal It is so kind of you to accede to my request.
	Concede	Admit	I concede the truth of your statement.
	Exceed	To be greater than	Their success exceeded all expectations. Lahore exceeds Islamabad in size and population.
2	Accept	To consent	Due to previous engagement, I could not accept his invitation.
	Except	Exclude from	Bow to none except God.
3	Abstain	Do without(food and drink)	His doctor ordered him to abstain from beer and wine.
	Refrain	To hold back to doing something(some action)	Let us hope they will refrain from hostile action.
4	All together	Together	They decided to visit music hall all together.
	Altogether	Without any doubt	The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether.
5	Access	Way to place	The only access to achieve sublime achievements is to do hard work.
	Accession	Coming in office	After his accession to the crown,he introduced many beneficial reforms.
	Excess	More than expectation	To drink to excess is detrimental to health.
6	Adapt/ To adjust	Make something suitable for new needs to become familiar	This book is adapted to the need of beginners. Children can adapt very easily to new environment.
	Adept	Expert	He is an adept in painting.
	Adopt	To accept to take and use	I like your methods of teaching and shall adopt them in my school.
7	Admission	Being admitted, confession	An admission of guilt saved him from punishment.
	Admittance	Being admitted to a place, that is not public	Some students gain admittance into the hall by breaking window panes.
8	Affect(V)	Have an influence/Pretend	Hamlet affected madness at times. He was badly affected by him.

	Effect(N)	Result/Outcome/impression	Everything he says or does is calculated for effect. The experience had a profound effect on her.
9	Admit	More general	I admit the task to be difficult.
	Acknowledge	Stronger than admit	I acknowledge the receipt of the letter.
	Confess	To accept something wrong	The arrested man confessed his guilt before judge.
10	Adverse	Unfavorable	A determined person can achieve desired result in adverse circumstance as well.
	Averse	Opposed/Disinclined	Being a man of methodical habits, he is averse to do things in haphazard manner. He seems averse to hard work.
11	Few	Hardly any (Negative sense)	He has few friends in the city. He is a man of few words.
	A few	A small number	He gave us a few suggestions on the art of teaching.
	The few	A small number	I cannot offend the majority for the sake of the few.
12	Affection(adj)	Love	I felt great affection for my parents.
	Affectation	Pretence	It is always easy to distinguish between sincerity and affectation.
13	Already (adj)	Before now	He has already performed his job.
	All ready	Quite prepared	I am all ready to accept the challenge to achieve sublime target.
14	Advice(N)	An opinion	My advice fell flat upon him
	Advise (V)	A piece of one’s opinion	It is the duty of parents to advise their children against bad manners.
15	Altar	Raised place on which offerings are made to a god	Many people sacrificed their lives at the altar of freedom.
	Alter (V)	To change	A visionary leader never alters his vision to meet the adverse circumstances.
16	Alternate (adj)	By turns	Most farmers alternate their crops.
	Alternate (V)	Arrange or perform by turns	Private cars are banned from the city on alternate days.
	Alternative	Chaise between two things	The brave Sultan saw no alternative before him but death.
17	Assumption	Baseless probability	The calculations are based on the assumption that prices will continue to

			rise.
	Presumption	Factual probability	There is no scientific evidence to support such presumption.
18	Avenge	Does not imply personal vindication	God avenges the oppressed.
	Revenge (V)	Personal vindication	He revenged himself for the insult.
	Revenge (N)	Personal vindication	He took revenge on the neighbor who had ridiculed him.
19	Accent	Pronunciation	His accent of English is good.
	Ascent	Upward movement	The ascent to Murree hills is very steep.
	Assent	Concurrence	The Governor gave his assent to the proposal.
20	Angel	a spirit who is believed to be a servant of God	Deborah's children are little angels.
	Angle	the space between two lines or surfaces that join	A triangle has three angles.
21	Ant	Small insect	There are many types of ants.
	Aunt	Wife of uncle	My aunt lives in Canada.
22	Air	Mixture of gases	Air is combination of many gases.
	Ere (conj)	Before	Do some good ere you die.
23	Heir	Inheritance	He is an heir to a large property.
	Hair	Part of body	He has a very long hair.
24	Avocation	Hobby	His vocation is medicine but painting is his avocation.
	Vocation	Profession
25	Artisan	Handicraft practitioner	Most of Pakistani artisans lead a very hard life.
	Artist	Fine art practitioner	John Keats was a great artist.
	Artiste	Professional singer	A very notable artiste has consented to entertain the audience with vocal music.
26	Apposite	Proper/suitable	The principal made very apposite remarks on the necessity of technical education.
	Opposite	At front of	Our house is situated opposite to ICB college.
27	Artful	Cunning	His artful projects did not help him in the long run.
	Artificial	Opposed to natural	He does not believe on artificial beauty, but on natural beauty.
	Artistic	Aesthetic	The hall had been decorated in very artistic manner.
28	Antic	Queer behavior	The antic of the clown at circus greatly amused the spectators.

	Antique	Old fashioned	To protect antique art work is his vocation.
29	Ancient	Which is not modern	War was not as destructive in ancient time as it is in these days.
	Old	Which is not new	GTM is old method to teach English as foreign language in our schools.
30	Amiable	Good tempered	Go and make yourself amiable to the poor.
	Amicable	Friendly	When the countries cannot settle a dispute in an amicable way, they should settle it by arbitration. His manner was perfectly amicable.
31	All	Complete	God is All in All of this universe.
	Awl	A tool	The carpenter was making holes in the log of wood with an awl.
32	Bare (adj)	Uncovered	His bare body was scorched by the midday sun.
	Bear (V)	To uncover
	Bear (V)	To carry	I cannot bear this ill-treatment at your hands.
f33	Battle	Encounter between opposing armies	The Normans defeated the Saxons in the Battle of Hasting in 1066.
	Fight	Between two opposing forces	A policeman was killed and several others were wounded in the fight between a band of strikers and the police.
	War	Prolonged encounter	In the last world-war, millions of men lost their lives.
34	Beach	Shore	He was standing on the beach and was watching the ripples.
	Beech	The name of tree	There is a row of beech trees in front of the school.
35	Beneficent	Kind	We are very lucky in having such a beneficent ruler. God is very beneficent to His creation.
	Beneficial	Useful, advantageous	Fresh air and good food are beneficial for health.
36	Bale	Bundle	Four hundred bales of cotton were burnt in the fire.
	Bail	Security	The judge refused to release him on bail.
37	Berth	Sleeping place	Each passenger slept on the berth allotted to him
	Birth	Coming to life	She gave birth to twins
38	Beside	By side of/ outside of	He is sitting beside her mother.

	Besides	In addition	I give him a watch besides his regular salary.
39	Between	Within two objects	A treaty between two powers was signed.
	Among	Surrounded by	He distributed the money among four beggars.
40	Blunder	A serious mistake	Hitler committed a blunder in invading Russia.
	Error	Doing mistake without knowing actual one	This assignment is full of errors.
	Mistake	To take some person/thing at a place of some other.	He could not reach his destination in time because he took a wrong road by mistake
41	Broach	To open/ start	Who should broach the topic?
	Brooch	An ornament	The brooch looks beautiful in her sari.
42	Bad	Unpleasant	You must avoid indulging in bad activities.
	Bade (Bid)	To farewell some one	I bade him leave my room. I bade him at the airport.
43	Brake	Apparatus /thicket	He applied brakes and saved the child from being killed. A brake was full of flower.
	Break	To come to pieces	The stick is so frail that it would break into two, if you stress on it.
44	Blew	Blow	Cold breeze was blowing.
	Blue	Color	The color of sky is blue.
45	Bridal	Relating with marriage	The bridal cake was eaten by guest.
	Bridle	Rein of horse	Bridle your tongue; otherwise you face its results.
46	Boy	Male child	He is a wise boy.
	Buoy	An anchored float used as a marker	A bell was placed on a buoy near the rock.
47	Boldness	Low order attribution	He shows boldness during the talks with president.
	Bravery	Noble attribution	The best hearts are ever the bravest. Army has shown bravery in the battle.
	Courage	This is permanent quality	He is a man of courage. We need courage and determination to solve the issue of Kashmir.
	Daring	Low order	He is a man of daring character.
	Audacity	A willingness to take bold risks	His audacity was enough to flare him up.
48	Born	Give birth to	Jinnah was born in 1876.
	Borne	Carried	He has borne his misfortunate like a

			brave man.
	Bourne	Boundary	The company expanded beyond the national bourne.
49	Berry	Name of fruit	Go and bring the berry from the market.
	Bury		Muslims bury their dead bodies.
50	Complement	Complete/Make full	What would be the complement of this angle?
	Compliment	Regard	Pay my best compliment to all friends.
51	Comprehensive	Complete	This scheme is quite comprehensive a s it deals with every aspect of problem
	Comprehensible	Understandable	He speaks so lucidly that every word of his speech is comprehensible.
52	Cannon	Large gun	The enemy fired a cannon before launching the attack.
	Canon	A rules church dignity	The canons of morality are as binding as laws of the state.
53	Calendar	Schedule	Please consult the calendar and find out the day of the marriage.
	Calender	To press cloth/Roller machine	Please calender this shirt of mine.
54	Canvas	Tough cloth	This sack is made of durable canvas.
	Canvass	Asking for vote	He is canvassing for the conservative candidate.
55	Contentment	State of being satisfied	I have everything to my heart’s content.
	Satiety	To an extent/What is desired	Sarah reached satiety and felt content after tasting every item on the buffet.
56	Cast (v)	To throw list	The cast of this play includes many famous actors, such as Sir Laurence.
	Caste (N)	Human class	He is Syed by caste.
	Cost (N)	Price	What is the cost of this book?
57	Ceiling	Top inside in the room	Fan is hanged with the ceiling of room.
	Roof	Top most cover of the building or car	Someone is running at the roof of the house.
58	Censer	Vessel	Incense is burst in censer on sacred occasions.
	Censor	An officer who examines the films	This film has been banned by the censor board.
	Censure	Criticism	He has laid himself open to public censure by his irresponsible speech.
59	Ceremonial	Relating to ceremony	Eid is ceremonial occasion for Muslims.
	Ceremonious	Formalities	You should not be ceremonious with your friends.
60	Child-like	Used in good sense	Every one admires the child-like

			frankness of this old man.
	Childish	Used in negative sense	He behaved in childish manners.
61	Cession	Yielding up/transfer of territory	The cession of East Punjab to India was strongly criticized by many people.
	Session	Meeting	The next session of the assembly is tomorrow.
62	Cite	Quote	The Speaker cited few lines from Shakespeare’s play.
	Site	Area	The university was built on the site of an old fort.
	Sight	View	What a lovely sight this hill presents.
63	Chord	A string of musical instrument	The boy accidentally broke a chord of violin.
	Cord	A thin rope	Please tie pocket with a piece of cord.
64	Cereal	Grain used for food	The French eat cereal for food.
	Serial	Series	Oliver Twist was first published as a serial.
65	Cellar	Underground	Put the wine in a cellar.
	Sailor	Member of the crew	He adopted the profession of sailor by choice, not by chance.
	Seller	Who sells things	He is a fruit seller.
66	Choler	Anger	The impertinent remarks of the son excited the choler of the father.
	Collar	Garment that cover neck	You should put on a clean collar.
67	Collation	Lunch	The collations were made for him by his wife.
	Collision	Striking together	Fifty lives were lost in the collision between the Khyber mail and Karachi express.
	Collusion	Secret understanding	The collusion between police and robbers creates a panic situation in the society.
68	Continual	Not interrupted	There has been a continual rain since 2 O’ clock.
	Continuous	Frequent	Continuous study is the only key to success.
	Contiguous	Adjoin	Assam is contiguous to Bengal.
69	Compare to	Things belonging to different	A beautiful face may be compared to the moon.
	Compare with	Of same class	It is very wrong approach to compare Akbar with Aurengzeb.
70	Choir	A company of Singers	He is a member of the Cambridge choir.
	Quire	24 pages	I have used one quire of paper today.

71	Comparison	Two alike things	This book is decidedly superior to other, indeed there is no comparison between the two.
	Contrast	Two different things	There is an obvious contrast between the culture of east and west.
72	Coarse	Rough	I cannot wear this coarse clothe.
	Course	Line of action	The course of human life from the cradle to the grave is full of lesson.
73	Complement	Self-satisfied	The rich are so complement that they never care for the poor/She has a complement look.
	Complaisant	Ready and willing	He possesses very complaisant manner and is, therefore,very popular.
74	Coma	Un-natural deep sleep	This woman has been lying in a state of coma for the last two days.
	Comma	Punctuation mark	One should use comma in essays.
75	Confidant	Close friend	He is not only my friend but also a confidant.
	Confident	Certain	Churchill was quite confident of victory in the Second World War.
76	Compensation	Something given to make up for loss or injury	He received enough compensation for the loss of his right hand.
	Remuneration	Money paid for work or a service	He received sufficient remuneration for the work he did for his employer.
77	Credible	Believable	This story is highly credible.
	Creditable	Worthy of praise	She won a creditable sixteen percent of vote.
	Credulous.	Believe without proof	Illiterate peasants are generally very credulous.
78	Conscious	Aware	He is conscious of his shortcomings.
	Conscientious	Obedient to conscience	He is a conscientious worker.
79	Contagious	Spreading by touch	Plague is a contagious disease.
	Infectious	Spread by germ carried by water and etc	Cholera is an infectious disease.
80	Considerable	Much	He has a considerable income.
	Considerate	Thoughtful of others	It was considerate of you not to play the piano, while I was having a sleep.
81	Cool	Pleasant	A cool breeze is delightful, but no a cold breeze
	Cold	Unpleasant	A cool breeze is delightful, but no a cold breeze
82	Council	An assembly	He has been elected to the legislative council.

	Counsel	Advice	He is in the habit of keeping his own counsel.
83	Corporal	Non-commissioned	We should facilitate corporal rather than high rank officers.
	Corporeal	Having a bode	Shelley’s sky is an idealized creature which had hardly any corporeal existence.
84	Cops	Unit	He is inducted in medical corps.
	Corpse	Dead body	The corpse of martyred was brought to graveyard.
85	Admit	Concede as true	He admitted that he was present, when the accident took place.
	Confess	Not only concede but taking responsibility	He confessed that he had caused the accident.
86	Crime	Violation of state of law	Murder is a big crime.
	Sin	An act against religious law	Lying is a big sin. Denying God is a big sin.
	Vice	An act against against moral law	To provide the drugs is a vice act against social norms.
87	Cue	Signal	This is my cue; I must now go on the stage.
	Queue	Line	A long queue was formed before the booking office.
88	Casual	Irregular happening by chance	He is a very casual person.
	Causal	Relating to cause/Containing	The causal connection between food and health is obvious.
89	Currant	A small dried sweet	Please bring currant for me.
	Current	Of present time/Stream of water	The current issue of the reader’s digest is very interesting
90	Cymbal	Musical instrument	The boy was producing a sharp sound by striking the cymbal.
	Symbol	Sign	The figure of lion on the flag is a symbol of courage.
91	Cattle	Animals for dairy products	The shepherd was driving the cattle
	Kettle	A container with a lid	Place the kettle on the fire.
92	Ceiling	Top inside in the room	The ceiling of this room was painted yellow
	Sealing	Sticking material	I have no sealing wax.
93	Cell	A small room	We shut the thief up in a cell.
	Sell	To give something to somebody in exchange for money	The book is selling like hot cakes.
94	Dairy	Place to sell egg, milk and	We buy milk from dairy form.

		cheese etc
	Diary	Calendar book	Please make the date in your diary.
95	Dear	High in Price	What a dear little child!
	Deer	Beautiful Animal	The hunter chased the deer.
96	Decided	Clear	It is decided opinion that success is the name of hard work.
	Decisive	Conclusive	The Battle of Waterloo was a decisive one.
97	Deny	Oppose a statement	This man denies the existence of God.
	Refuse	Decline something offered	He refused to lend me his cycle.
98	Decry	To criticize as worth less	Do not decry yours friend in public.
	Descry	To see something a long way off	I described him on a hill in the distance.
99	Deduce	To infer	What conclusion can be deduced from this theory?
	Deduct	To take some think away	A large sum was deducted from his salary.
100	Deference	Respect	I say with due deference that you are absolutely wrong.
	Difference	Dissimilarity	There is a world of difference between an experienced and inexperienced teacher.
101	Declaim	To speak rhetorically in public	He declaimed against civil liberties on the public platform last night. He declaimed against the evil of capitalism.
	Disclaim	Say that one does not own	I disclaim all responsibility for the leakage of his secret.
102	Defend	Make secure from danger	Army is defender of our territory.
	Protect	Approaching danger	Clothe protects us from sun light.
103	Defy	To resist openly/Refuse to obey	If you defy the law, you may find yourself in prison.
	Deify	To consider as a God	The deification of human beings is strictly prohibited in Islam.
104	Dependant	Somebody who depends on other for food	My servants and dependants receive money on Eid. I have two dependants.
	Dependent	Depending upon	Promotion is dependent upon your record of service.
105	Deprecate	Express disapproval of	He deprecates the current law and order situation.
	Depreciate	Make less in value	The prices of sonny’s products are depreciating day by day.
106	Defective	Faulty	This water is defective, because it is

			impure.
	Deficient	Less	Water supply is deficient in all over of park.
107	Deliverance	Rescue	O God, I pray for you deliverance from the rule of injustice.
	Delivery	Handing over	His sermon was good, but his delivery was poor.
108	Depositary	Trustee	He is a depositary of my children
	Depository	Store house	This room is new used as a depository of odds and end.
109	Descent	Downward motion	There is a steep descent. We slide down the descent of the hill.
	Dissent	Disagreement	One judge recorded a note of dissent. All have the freedom to dissent from the plan.
110	Advice (N)	An opinion	Go to your doctor and ask for advice.
	Advise (V)	To give an opinion	They advised me against sending cash by post.
111	Device (N)	A plan	We must find some device to overcome on this situation.
	Devise (V)	To plan	The young engineer devised many plans.
112	Desert	Barren place	We lost our way in desert.
	Deserts	Something to which a person is entitled	He deserves to be rewarded according to his deserts/ He got his deserts.
	Dessert	A service of fruit after dinner	What’s for dessert?
113	Dew	Moisture drops	The glass was wet with dew.
	Dice	To be paid	The wages due to him will be paid tomorrow.
114	Die	To cease to live	They never die, who die in noble cause.
	Dye	To color	He is dying my hairs.
115	Destiny	Fate	Destiny plays a tragic role in the novels of Thomas Hardy.
	Destination	Goal	Hard work is the only key to achieve high destination.
116	Differ from	Two objects	This point differs from the other.
	Differ with	Two persons	Woodsworth differs with Milton
117	Drown	Animate object	The boat capsized and four men drowned in the river.
	Sink	Inanimate object	The ship sank due to storm.
118	Discover	To come across	Columbus discovered America.
	Invent	A creation	When was stream engine invented?

119	Defer	Postpone	I have deferred the payment of his money.
	Differ	Not to be of same opinion	I am sorry to differ from you on this opinion.
120	Diminish	Make less	The world’s resources are rapidly diminishing
	Minimize	Reduce in amount	He always tried to minimize his own fault.
121	Dose	Amount of medicine	The bottle contains six doses of medicine.
	Doze	Sleep lightly	He dozed off during the sermon
122	Disclose	Uncover make known	I will never disclose this secret to you.
	Expose	Leave uncover /un-mask	We have to expose ourselves to danger in upholding a nobel cause.
123	Disinterested	Not influenced by feelings	Lincoln’s integrity and disinterested spirit is above all suspicion.
	Uninterested	Boring	I consider this book uninterested.
124	Doubt	To hesitate to believe	Only a fool will doubt the existence of God.
	Suspect	To imagine	The police suspect the servants as thief.
125	Dual	Double	He has a dual nationality.
	Duel	Fight	I challenged him to dual with me.
126	Draft	A rough copy	I am making draft of the statement.
	Draught	Current of air	You will catch cold,if you will sit in draught.
	Drought	Want of rain	A drought is feared on the account of the failure of monsoons.
127	Economic	Pertaining to trade	The government’s economic policy is good.
	Economical	Careful in spending money	Students must be economical in their spending.
128	Eligible	Fit	He is eligible for this post
	Illegible	Difficult for reading	Your handwriting is so illegible that no one can read it.
129	Effective	Able	He is an effective officer.
	Effectual	(Not used for person)Bring desired result	We should take effectual steps to eradicate child-lifting.
	Efficacious	(Not used for person)Bring desired result	This medicine has proved very efficacious in many cases of typhoid fever.
	Efficient	Capable	We should adopt an efficient method of teaching English as a second language in our college.
130	Emigrant	A person who leaves their	The emigrants to Canada lead a

		country to live in another	prosperous life. Million of Germans emigrated to America.
	Immigrant	Come as a settler	The Pakistani immigrants in Europe are doing their best to create a soft image of Muslims over there.
131	Eminent	Famous	Phidias was an eminent Greek sculptor.
	Imminent	Likely to come to happen	He was faced with imminent death.
132	Empty	Nothing inside	He is empty-headed.
	Vacant	Not occupied	He would like to apply for the vacant post.
133	Elemental	Pertaining to the four elements	Every sailor is familiar with the elemental fury of a storm.
	Elementary	Introductory	His knowledge of chemistry is elementary.
134	Elusive	Difficult to find	Keats Mysticism is so elusive that some time it baffles the reader.
	Illusive	Deceptive	All these expectations proved illusive in the long run.
	Allusive	Using or containing suggestion rather than explicit mention	His style is very allusive and verbose.
135	Exceptional	Rare	Hard work is the key to success, but there are some exceptional cases as well.
	Exceptionable	Objectionable	No one is allowed to say anything exceptionable on the stage.
136	Enviable	Causing envy	She is an enviable woman because her husband is kind, handsome and rich.
	Envious	Full of envy	We should not be envious of the success of others.
137	Eternal	Without end	She is an eternal optimist.
	Everlasting	That which has beginning but no end	Good deeds are everlasting.
138	Euphemism	Less relevant word	Senior citizen is a euphemism for old person.
	Euphuism	Word that soften down offensive expression	It is either simplicity or euphuism of those who praise the current government.
139	Excuse me	Apology for interruption	Excuse me, would you like to tell me the way to G-9?
	Pardon me	Apology for a serious fault	Pardon me for contradicting you.
140	Expedient	Useful	Do what you think is expedient.
	Expeditious	Acting quickly	He is our expeditious worker.
141	Extract	Get with force, Crushing	The doctor has been asked to extract the

			bullet from the wound.
	Extricate	Set free	I am doing my best to extricate him from difficulty.
142	Accident	Unexpected occurrence	The tragic accident occurred here.
	Event	Happening/Of something important	The murder of Julius Caesar was an event that influenced the history of Roman empire
143	Exhausting	Making you feel very tired	This exercise is so exhausting that it is likely to be harmful
	Exhaustive	Through	The doctor has madean exhaustive investigation into this case.
144	Fain	Willingly	I would fain have stayed at home.
	Feign	Pretend	Hamlet feigned madness at many occasion.
145	Faint	Weak, not clear	She called for help in a faint voice.
	Feint	Mock attack	Napoleon feigned once or twice to deceive his opponents.
146	Fetch	Go and bring	He is seriously ill;please a doctor.
	Bring	Come and take with	Bring your breakfast, when you come.
147	Flagrant	Crime/Mistake	Flagrant crimes should be punished with deterrent penalties.
	Fragrant	Sweet smelling	Fragrant memories are more lasting than fragrant flowers.
148	Flee	Run away	The robbers flee away from the custody of police.
	Fly	To move through the air	Birds fly in the air.
149	Floor	The surface of a room	Do you mind sitting on the floor?
	Flour	Powder of grain	Blend the flour with a little milk to make a smooth paste.
	Flower		Plucking flower is forbidden here.
150	Forceful	Full of force	The speaker has a forceful personality.
	Forcible	With force	The police made a forcible into the building
151	Fore	In front(Come to fore is an idiom)	Ali comes to the fore in very confident manner.
	Four	Digit	He has four children.
152	Formally	Ceremonial	The exhibition was formally opened by president.
	Formerly	Of earlier period	Formerly, there was no railway station here.
153	Foul	Dirty/Irregular	Do not play a foul game.
	Fowl	A bird	The sailors shot a few sea fowl.
154	Freedom	It is personal and private-	He gives his son freedom to do what he

		the condition of being without constraint	thinks well.
	Liberty	Public	Liberty of press is essential for civilized democratic country.
155	Fatal	Deadly	This disease proved to be fatal.
	Fateful	Producing important results	The discovery of America was a fateful event.
156	Fatalist	Strong believer of fate	Thomas Hardy was a fatalist.
	Facility	Ease	He has a great facility in learning language.
	Felicity	Happiness	The state of felicity, however, did not continue for long.
	Farther	More remote	I shall not proceed farther in this matter
	Further	Additional	Further details are not yet forthcoming.
157	Famous	Renowned for goodness	William words worth is a famous romantic poet
	Notorious	Infamous	He is a notorious gambler
158	Fair	Honorable market	We charge fair prices and are content with fair profit.
	Fare	To be successful/unsuccessful in a particular situation	He fared well against his main rival.
	Fare(N)	Pay for travel	What is railway fare from Multan to Lahore.
159	Factious	Humorous	This is a facetious remark; no one minds it.
	Factious	Selfish/Troublesome	He has a factious spirit.
	Factitious	Unnatural	This is not a genuine keenness, but factitious enthusiasm.
160	Farmer	Peasant	My father is a farmer.
	Former	The first	Both your suggestions are nice, but former is more practical.
161	Feat	Magical	We were spell bound by the feat of the juggler.
	Feet	End part of body	You should wash your feet regularly.
	Fete	Invitation	Ali has got special fete on Ahmed’s wedding.
162	Floor	the surface of a room	He threw the book on the floor.
	Flour	Powder of wheat	This flour is not of a very good quality.
163	Forth	Forward	Please forth this book.
	Fourth	Number four	She is sitting in fourth line.
164	Gamble	Game	He is addicted to gambling.
	Gambol	Quick/Yum	Lambs were gambling in the meadow.

165	Genius	Of creativity	Shakespeare had a genius for acting as well.
	Talent	Of skill	He has not much talent for painting.
166	Gaol	Jail	The thieves escaped from gaol yesterday.
	Goal	Destination	My goal is to make the history for my successors.
167	Gracious	Kind	God is gracious to His creation
	Graceful	Attractive	Everyone was impressed by his graceful personality.
168	Gait	Way of walking	I recognized him from his gait
	Gate	Way to enter	A huge gate was built to stop the entry of illegal in apex court.
169	Grate	Metal frame, to irritate	His bad manners grated on every one. Put coals in the grate.
	Great	Much more in degree	He is a great historian.
170	Habit	Personal	It is my habit to help poor.
	Custom	Public/general	It is custom among Hindus to burn their dead
171	Healthy	Having good health	The children look very healthy.
	Healthful	That produce good health	Exercise in open air is very healthful
172	Hear	Apprehend	He's getting old and he can't hear very well.
	Listen	Conscious /Attentive	He refused to listen to her explanation.
173	Home	Fixed residence of family or house hold.	He'd always dreamed of owning his own home.
	House	Building	Finally we tracked him down at his house in Denver.
174	Hale	Strong and healthy	I found him quite hale and hearty.
	Hail	Give a welcome/Frozen rain	The expedition was widely hailed as a success.
175	Hang	Attach to the top position.	Large leaves hung down from the branches of the trees.
	Hanged	Put to death	He was hanged for committing a murder
	Hung	2^nd form of hang	She hung the washing out in the garden
176	Hew	Cut by striking	The cave has been hewn out of the hillside.
	Hue	A color	In the Indus water there are fish of every hue.
177	Historic	Famous in history	The party has won a historic victory at the polls.
	Historical	Connected with past	You must place these events in their

			historical context.
178	Honorary	Conferred with honor	He is honorary sectary of this club.
	Honorable	Deserving honour	He was given an honorable burial.
179	Hope	Pleasurable wish	He secretly hoped that she wouldn't be at home.
	Expect	Regard as likely	I expect him to pass the test.
180	Human	Belonging to man	Firefighters formed a human chain to carry the children to safety.
	Humane	Kind	The animals must be reared in humane conditions.
	Humanly	By human mean	The doctors did all that was humanly possible.
181	Humility	Modesty	Her first defeat was an early lesson in humility.
	Humiliation	Disgrace	She suffered the humiliation of being criticized in public.
182	Hoard	To store or accumulate	He controls a cash hoard of some $1 billion.
	Heard	Hear	Distantly he heard the report of another gun.
	Herd	A group of animals of the same type that live and feed together	The animals tend to graze in a herd.
	Horde	A large crowd of people	The elves defeated a huge horde of goblins.
183	Heal	To become healthy	The children were healed by a local doctor.
	Heel	Back part of human foot	He rocked back and forth on his heels as he laughed.
184	Hair	Part of body	He ran both hands through his thinning hair.
	Hare	To run or go somewhere very fast	She'd sent him haring back to his apartment, telling him an urgent letter had arrived.
	Heir	Legatee	He has no heir to leave his fortune to.
185	Idol	Object who is loved much	Mahmood has broken all the idols in Somnath.
	Idle	Lazy	An idle brain is the devil’s home.
	Idyll	Peaceful place	He has composed a beautiful idyll.
	Idly	Without any particular reason, purpose or effort; doing nothing	She sat in the sun, idly sipping a cool drink.
186	Ill	Suffering from an illness	He was lying ill in bed.

	Sick	Physically or mentally ill	He fell sick with yellow fever.
187	Allusion	Indirect reference	She was made uncomfortable by his veiled allusion to the previous night.
	Delusion	False impression/ Belief	He dismissed the so-called miracle as a collective delusion.
	Illusion	Exist but seem different from reality	I never had any grand illusions of winning.
188	Imaginary	Of fancy	I had an imaginary friend when I was a child.
	Imaginative	Expressing new ideas	You'll need to be a little more imaginative if you want to hold their attention.
189	Imperial	Very high status	There is no parallel to the imperial glory of the Mughals in the Indian history
	Imperious	Haughty/Domineering	She waved an imperious hand.
	Imperative	Authoritative	We consider it absolutely imperative to start work immediately.
	Immunity	Safety from disease	He has agreed to waive his diplomatic immunity and face prosecution.
	Impunity	Disapproving	They continue to break the law with impunity.
190	Idle	Unoccupied	He did not let the factory become idle.
	Lazy	Averse to labor	Most of us are intellectually lazy about large areas of the world around us.
191	Ice	Artificial	The glass was filled with green liquid and crushed ice.
	Snow	Natural	Snow covered everything from horizon to horizon.
192	In	Preposition	I read about it in the paper.
	Into	Motion to a point within	He threw the letter into the fire.
193	Incredible	Hard to be believed	Most people find this claim utterly incredible.
	Incredulous	Showing disbelief	She shot him an incredulous look.
	Inculcate	To teach fix ideas	He inculcates false doctrine.
	Inoculate	Vaccinated	Has the puppy had all its inoculations yet?
194	Ingenious	Skillful /clever	He has ingenious mind.
	Ingenious	Innocent/Frank	She's very ingenious when it comes to finding excuses.
195	Industrial	Relating to industry	America is the world's leading industrial nation.
	Industrious	Diligent	She was surrounded by energetic, industrious people.
196	Intolerable	Unbearable	The constant pain made her life

			intolerable.
	Intolerant	Narrow minded	He was deeply intolerant of all opposition.
197	Invaluable	Extremely useful	This technology is invaluable for pupils with poor eyesight.
	Valueless	Worthless	Some of the royal forests had become valueless as hunting grounds.
198	Informant	Who supplies	The journalist refused to reveal the identity of his informant.
	Informer	Spy	One of the gang members had turned informer.
199	Judicial	Of court	The Supreme Court ordered a judicial inquiry into the deaths.
	Judicious	Having good sense/wise prudent	The disease is curable with the judicious use of antibiotics.
200	Naughty	Indecent	He is a naughty politician.
	Knotty	Full of knots	The knotty roots of the old oak tree are very famous for their knottiness.
201	Lay	To put/place	A man lay dead in the middle of the road. He laid the books down on the table.
	Lie	To rest	Let us lie on the green grass here.
202	Lessen	To reduce	Regular exercise can help lessen the pain.
	Lesson	Work	He got into trouble for skipping lessons.
203	Loath(N)	Unwilling	They were obviously loath to let her leave.
	Loathe(v)	Feel disgust	Many of the people fear and loathe the new government.
204	Lightening	Reduce the weight	A solitary candle lightened the darkness of the cellar
	Lightning	Flash of the light make bright	Hitler attacked on France with lightning speed
205	Loose (N)	Free	He felt he had to cut loose from his family.
	Lose	To be unable to find	The company stands to lose
206	Luxuriant	Abundant	Her luxuriant hair fell around her shoulder
	Luxurious	Happy	She leads a luxurious life.
207	Lovable	Amiable	I will always remember her as a lovable child.
	Lovely	Attractive	She looked really lovely in the blue dress.
208	Lawyer	Law person	He was a trial lawyer for many years.

	Liar	A person who tells lies	He's the biggest liar I've ever known.
209	Later	Late	We're going to Rome later in the year.
	Latter	After something	The latter half of the twentieth century saw huge growth in air travel.
	Letter	A printed message	Apart from the occasional letter, they had not been in touch for years.
210	Lion	Animal	Lion is a very dangerous animal.
	Loin	The part of the body on both sides of the spine between the lowest ribs and the hip bones.Grind up your loin means to prepare oneself for future actions.	Gird up your loin, and do it as soon as possible.
211	Metal	Mineral	The doors are made of metal.
	Mettle	Endurance	She really showed her mettle under pressure.
212	Miner	Of mine	Miner’s profession is full of danger.
	Minor	Of age	This is a very minor operation and there is very little risk involved.
213	Main	Chief	Please use the main entrance.
	Mane	Long hair	The horse tossed its flowing mane behind it
214	Memorial	Monument	The memorial stands where the two roads meet.
	Memorable	Deserving to remember	It was a truly memorable experience.
215	Maze	Network of ways	I was lost in a maze of passages.
	Maize	Grain	We grow maize in our field
216	Momentary	Short lived	The accident was the result of a momentary lapse of concentration.
	Momentous	Important	At the same time, momentous events were taking place in Russia.
217	Moat	Stream of fresh water	The castle was ringed by a moat spanned by a wooden drawbridge.
	Mote	Particle of dust	Motes are dancing in a sunbeam
218	Meat	Flesh of animal	Do you eat meat?
	Meet	Gather	A year or so later I happened to meet him again.
219	Mead	Meadow	Daffodils grow in the mead
	Meed	Praise	The players received their meed of praise from all people.
	Maid	Young girl	She works as a maid in our home.
220	Mean	Looking unworthy	What do you mean by this remark?

	Mien	Personal bearing	I was impressed by her calm mien.
221	Medal	Piece of metal	A commemorative medal was struck in honor of the event.
	Meddle	To interfere	He's just a meddling old fool!
222	Marry	To become the husband or wife	He asked me to marry him but I said no.
	Merry	Happy	We had a few drinks and all got quite merry.
223	Mendacity	Lying	Politicians have been accused of hypocrisy and mendacity
	Mendicity	Begging	Mendicity should be stopped by law.
224	Mantel	Structure of wood	In modern architecture the construction of mantel piece is old fashion
	Mantle	Loose cloak	Humayun’s death conferred the royal mantle on the Akbar at very early age.
225	Mail	The official system used for sending and delivering letters, packages, etc	I throw away junk mail without reading it.
	Male	Masculine human	The workforce is predominantly male.
226	Meter	Measurement tool for length	Rupees are mounting up on the meter of the taxicab.
	Metre	Unit	His height is two metres.
227	Moral	Concerned with principles of right and wrong behavior	Politicians have a moral obligation to address the needs of the poorest.
	Morale	Amount of confidence	The bonus helped maintain morale among the staff.
228	Necessaries	Essential thing	Some of the poor in our country even cannot buy the necessaries of life.
	Necessities	Need for something	Food is a necessity of life.
229	Negligent	Failing to give enough care	The hospital was negligent in the way it cared for this young man.
	Negligible	Ignorable	Tests found only a negligible amount of the chemical in the product.
230	Oar	A pole	We took one oar each and rowed quickly to the shore.
	Ore	Raw metal	A new method of extracting gold from the ore has been discovered.
231	Observance	Observing of law/custom	My grandmother is very strict observance of traditional practices
	Observation	To watch	She was admitted to hospital for observation.
232	Official	Officer	An official enquiry has been launched into the cause of the accident.

	Officious	Too eager	‘You can't park here,’ he said officiously.
233	Ordinance	Order	An ordinance was issues to cover judicial dead lock.
	Ordnance	Of artillery	He is working in ordnance factory.
234	Pain	Bad feeling	Doctors used to treat back pain with rest.
	Pane	Single piece of something	The burglars got in by breaking a pane of glass in a door.
235	Pair	Two	The students worked in pairs.
	Pare	To cut	First, pare the rind from the lemon.
236	Patrol	To go around	Aircraft regularly patrol the frontier.
	Petrol	Petroleum	The price of unleaded petrol has risen.
237	Peace	Freedom from war	England finally made peace with France.
	Piece	In parts	A few pieces of the puzzle were missing.
238	Plan	Arrangements	Even the best-laid plans can go wrong
	Plane	Device	I've never flown in a plane.
	Plain	Smooth	The dress was absolutely plain, but quite stunning.
239	Pore	Tiny opening	His lawyers are poring over the small print in the contract.
	Pour	To put liquid to other thing	I've poured a cup of tea for you.
240	Practice	Regular exercise	Practice makes a man perfect.
	Practise	Work to do	He haspractised as a lawyer for many years.
241	Pray	To offer	He prayed for good weather.
	Prey	Victim	The young deer are ideal prey for the leopard.
242	Principal	Chief	New roads will link the principal cities.
	Principle	Rule	His novels reject chronology as an organizing principle.
243	Pale	Dim	He turned deathly pale.
	Pail	Basket	She filled the pail with fresh water.
244	Peal	Loud ringing of bell	Bishop was welcomed to the church with a peal of bells.
	Peel	To take something off	He peeled the wet clothes from his back.
245	Popular	Admired by	He was one of those people who are instantly popular.
	Populous	Thickly populated	Karachi is a populous city.
246	Practical	Of action	I'll do something practical now and answer some mail.

	Practicable	Fit for action	We will do this as soon as is reasonably practicable
247	Prescribe	Advise	The curriculum is rigidly prescribed from an early age.
	Proscribe	To prohibited legally	Membership of any proscribed organization is a serious matter.
248	Precede	To come before	She preceded me in the job.
	Proceed	To go for words	I will instruct my lawyer to proceed with the preparation of draft contracts.
249	Persecute	To punish	We have to stand up for persecuted minorities.
	Prosecute	Legal proceeding	The police decided not to prosecute.
250	Pendant	Ornament	She has an excellent collection of pendant.
	Pendent	Hanging	The clothes are pendent for drying.
251	Person	Individual human	She's the right person for the job.
	Individual	Single	She was a dancer with a highly individual personality.
252	Personate	Pretend by using the name of other	To impersonate a candidate in the examination is a serious crime.
	Personify	To endow an object characteristic of human being	These children personify all that is wrong with the education system.
253	Physic	Medicine	As your physique is quite good, due to this you need little physic.
	Physics	Branch of science	Einstein restructured modern physics.
	Physique	Bodily health	She doesn't have the physique to be a dancer.
254	Precipitate	To put violently hurried	The assassination of the president precipitated the country into war.
	Precipitous	Very steep	This is a precipitous path.
255	Profit	Gain	Damaged goods mean lost profit.
	Prophet	Messenger of God	The Prophet Muhammad founded the religion of Islam.
256	Provident	Careful	The more provident of them had taken out insurance against flooding.
	Providential	Divine	A providential wind carried the raft to the shore.
257	Quaint	Of old fashion but attractive	The village looks rather quaint.
	Queer	Odd/Strange	I was beginning to feel very queer.
258	Rain	Water that falls from the sky in separate drops	Overnight rain had freshened up the garden.
	Reign	Period	By the end of his reign, the vast empire

			was in decline.
259	Right	True	James did what he thought was right.
	Rite	Ceremony	Baptism is an initiation rite within Christianity.
260	Root	Of plant	I expect money is at the root of the matter.
	Rout	Defeat of an army	The offensive into rebel-held territory had ended in a rout.
	Route	Way	Our route lay straight ahead and downhill.
261	Rebellion	Opposition of lawful authority	The country has been plagued by wars, civil wars, and internal rebellions.
	Revolution	Positive complete change	Doctors have welcomed the fitness revolution.
262	Respectful	Full of respect	Everyone was respectful towards him, listening carefully to his long explanations.
	Respectable	Worthy of respect	Economic growth has averaged at a respectable 2.5 per cent.
263	Reverend	Respected and worthy	He is very reverend old man of eighty.
	Reverent	Humble /Kind	He is very reverent to me.
264	Rob	Steal	The tourists were robbed of their bags.
	Steal	Secretly	I'll report you to the police if I catch you stealing again.
265	Raze	To destroy completely	The woodland was razed by fire.
	Raise	To left up	Raise your status in life.
266	Recollect	Almost forgotten	I don't recollect what he said.
	Remember	Which that not forgotten	This is an experience that the kids will enjoy and remember forever.
267	Resource	Supplies	The Olympics may stretch the country's resources to breaking point.
	Recourse	To turn to something for help	Citizens have learned that they do have recourse against governments.
268	Rest	Breathing space	Her heart would find no rest until she knew the truth.
	Wrest	To take by force	He wrested the gun from my grasp.
269	Restless	Never still	He has spent restless night.
	Restive	Refuse to more forward	The news was relayed to the restive citizens.
270	Ring	An object in the shape of a circle	He had dark rings around his eyes.
	Wring	To twist
271	Sanguine	Optimistic	He tends to take a sanguine view of the

			problems involved. They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects.
	Sanguinary	Fond of bloodshed	Nero was a sanguinary ruler.
272	Sail	Of sea	The moon sailed across sky.
	Sale	Exchange of goods for money	The sale of his old home made him sad.
273	Stationary	Still	Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.
	Stationery	Of books	He is the best dealer in stationery at Lahore.
274	Storey	Floor/Level	I live on the top storey.
	Story	Of events	I like to read story books.
275	Sole	Of foot/only	We may have the opportunity to take over sole ownership of the company.
	Soul	Non material part of the body	We should commend our souls to God, before we go to sleep.
276	Soar	Fly high	He wishes to soar high in the sky.
	Sore	Grumpy/Painful	Their feet were sore after hours of walking.
	Sour	Sharp taste	This water has a sour taste.
277	Statue	Figure/modal	The statue stands in one of the main squares.
	Statute	Written law	The Supreme Court interpreted the statute in light of its recent rulings.
	Stature	Importance/Size	He was a man of great stature who carried himself well.
278	Steal	To take	I'll report you to the police if I catch you stealing again.
	Steel	Of Metal	The bridge is reinforced with huge steel girders.
279	Straight	Honest	She looked me straight in the eye.
	Strait	Of geography (narrow)	Many hundreds of vessels pass through the straits each year.
280	Seam	Line, where edge of cloth are turned	Too many seems on a cloth do not look well.
	Seem	Appear	The view seems very attractive
281	Sensible	Suitable/ Reasonable	This approach seems very sensible to me.
	Sensitive	Easily offended	Her experiences had made her sensitive to other people's troubles.
282	Sensual	Pleasure for senses not for intellect and spirit	Food is a great sensual experience.
	Sensuous	Affecting and appealing to	I'm drawn to the poetic, sensuous

		senses	qualities of her paintings.
283	Sick	Ill, Unwell sad	He was getting heartily sick of all the false sympathy.
	Sickly	Frequently ill	He is a sickly child.
284	Social	Living in group/of society friends	Poor areas or areas with greater social problems received more help.
	Sociable	Friendly	She's a sociable child who'll talk to anyone.
285	Spacious	Roomy	The boat provides spacious accommodation for five people.
	Specious	Seeing right	Lawyer has given a specious argument in the court.
286	Stile	Set to steps for climbing over wall or fence.	Cattle cannot cross a stile.
	Style	Of manner	He adapted his acting style to suit the material.
287	Sculptor	Person	He was court sculptor to Alexander the Great.
	Sculpture	Thing/who made by person	She creates sculptures out of scrap materials.
288	Stimulant	Any official thing that to rouse body or mind	Coffee and tea are mild stimulants.
	Stimulus	Anything motivate	Congress passed the President's economic stimulus package.
289	Stop	To put an end to movement	I want to go and you can't stop me.
	Stay	To remain at pause for some time	I had no more reason to stay in California.
290	Team	Group of people for one cause	He is looking to sign for a Conference League team.
	Teem	Abundant	It was teeming with rain.
291	Tamper (v)	To meddle	Someone had obviously tampered with the brakes of my car.
	Temper (v)	To soften	The allegation on Shoaib was to temper the ball in the field.
	Temper (N)	Temperament	He broke the chair in a fit of violent temper.
292	Tale	Story	Winning the French Open was a fairy- tale end to her career.
	Tail	The end part of an animal	Dogs wag their tail, when they are pleased.
293	Vain	Without use/ values	I don't think it's vain to care about how you look.
	Vein	Blood vessel	There's a drop of Irish blood in her

			veins.
294	Vale	A valley	The vale of Kashmir is beautiful.
	Veil	A covering of very thin transparent material worn	The bridal veil was fringed with lace..
295	Verbal	Oral	The job applicant must have good verbal skills.
	Verbose	Using or containing more words than are needed	The man was smartly dressed, verbose, and seriously agitated.
296	Virtual	Factual/ practical	The technology has enabled development of an online virtual library.
	Virtuous	From virtue	She is a virtuous girl.
297	Veracity	Truthfulness	Some people questioned the veracity of her story.
	Voracity	Greed/eager/hunger	Some animals feed voraciously in summer and hibernate in winter.
298	Waist	Area around the middle of human body	He wrapped his arms around her waist.
	Waste	To spoil	He didn't want to waste valuable time in idle gossip.
299	Waive	Forge the right	He has agreed to waive his rights to the money.
	Wave	Move to and fro	A wave of relief washed over him as he saw that the children were safe.
300	Wet	Moist	We got wet in rain.
	Whet	To sharpen	The book will whet your appetite for more of her work.
301	Womanly (adj)	Of women	She has a soft womanly figure.
	Womanish(adj)	Like women	He has a womanish manner.
302	Weather	The atmosphere of a place	He swims in the sea every day, whatever the weather.
	Whether	Used to express a doubt	I asked him whether he had done it all himself or someone had helped him.
303	Yoke	To bring under work	The Hong Kong dollar was yoked to the American dollar for many years.
	Yolk	Of egg	Combine the egg yolks with the milk.
304	Guild	Organization	He is an active member of the Screen Actors' Guild.
	Guilt	Sin	He had no feelings of guilt over what he had done.
305	Hay	Dried grass for animal food	The children were playing in the hay.
	Hey	Conjunction	Hey, can I just ask you something?
306	Contemptible	Not deserving any respect	His conduct was contemptible.
	Contemptuously	Having no respect	She gave him a contemptuous look.

307	Accessary	A helper	He is the accessary to the murder.
	Accessory	Additional	This silk scarf is the perfect accessory for stylish summer evenings.
308	Abject	Terrible	The scheme was an abject failure.
	Object	Aim	My sole object is to get to the bottom of this mystery.
	Absolute	Complete	He demands absolute obedience from his men.
309	Obsolete	Of no used/Old	Factories cannot compete if they are using obsolete technology.
310	Accuse	For wrong done	You can't accuse me of being selfish.
	Blame	For bad	He is widely blamed for masterminding the attacks.
311	Across	From one side to the other side	The yard measures about 50 feet across.
	Along	From one end to or towards other end	They walked slowly along the road.
312	Afflict	To do harm	He's badly afflicted with a skin disorder.
	Inflict	To impose	They inflicted a humiliating defeat on their rivals.
313	Assay	Attempt,evaluation	One can assay the quality of metal by metallurgy.
	Essay	A short piece of writing	Essays handed in late will not be accepted.
314	Accede	To agree to a request	The Planning Committee has finally acceded to growing pressure.
	Concede	To admit that something is true and logical	Women were only conceded full voting rights in the 1920s.


315	Appraise	To consider or examine	There is a need to appraise existing techniques.
	Apprised	To tell or inform	We were fully apprised of the situation.
316	Apprehend	To catch	The police apprehended an armed suspect near the scene of the crime.
	Comprehend	To fully understand	She failed to comprehend the seriousness of the situation.
317	Superficial	Seeing what is obvious	Superficial similarities can be deceptive.
	Superfluous	more than you need or want	She gave him a look that made words superfluous.
318	Career	Work /employment	He had a distinguished career as a diplomat.
	Carrier	Vehicle to carry something	The instruments can be sent by carrier.

319	Follow	Grasp	Banks are expected to follow the building societies in raising mortgage rates.
	Fellow	A way of referring to a man or boy	She was elected a fellow of the Academy.
320	Jewry	Village	Jews formed a Jewry.
	Jury	Group of members to listen to facts.	He was on a jury judging a songwriting competition.
321	Functional	Practical and useful	The office is a functional working area, designed with efficiency in mind.
	Dysfunctional	Not practical and useful	Children from dysfunctional families are usually deprived from their rights.